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bodies of executive power

Толкование Перевод

1 bodies of executive power

Общая лексика: органы исполнительной власти

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bodies of executive power
2 bodies of executive power

органы исполнительной власти

Language of the modern press. English-Russian Glossary of active vocabulary > bodies of executive power
3 bodies of legislative and executive power

Общая лексика: органы законодательной и исполнительной власти

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bodies of legislative and executive power
4 power

n

1) сила; мощь; способность

2) энергия

3) власть, сила

4) право, полномочия

5) держава

•

to abandon power — отказываться от власти

to accord powers to smb — предоставлять полномочия кому-л.

to act outside one's powers — выходить за пределы своих полномочий

to assume power — брать власть в свои руки; приходить к власти

to attain power — добиваться власти

to be endowed with wide powers — быть облаченным широкими полномочиями

to be in a position of power — занимать руководящую должность

to bolster one's challenge to political power — усиливать свои притязания на политическую власть

to bring smb nearer to power — приближать чей-л. приход к власти

to carry smb to power — приводить кого-л. к власти

to cede power to smb — уступать власть кому-л.

to check a country's power — преграждать путь мощи какой-л. страны

to come back into power — возвращаться к власти

to come to power — приходить к власти; брать власть в свои руки

to concentrate all power in one's hands — сосредоточивать всю полноту власти в своих руках

to confirm smb in power — утверждать чье-л. назначение во главе государства

to conspire to seize power — организовывать заговор с целью захвата власти

to curb smb's powers — ограничивать чьи-л. полномочия

to delegate powers to smb — передавать / делегировать полномочия кому-л.

to demilitarize atomic power — переключать использование атомной энергии с военных на мирные цели

to dilute smb's grip on power — ослаблять чью-л. власть

to disturb the balance of power — нарушать равновесие сил

to do everything in one's legitimate power — делать все в пределах своей законной власти

to enhance the power of Parliament — усиливать власть парламента

to entrench oneself in power — закрепляться у власти

to establish power — устанавливать власть

to exclude smb from power — не допускать кого-л. к власти

to exercise power of influence — оказывать воздействие

to exhibit one's full powers — предъявлять свои полномочия

to extend one's political power — распространять свою политическую власть

to fall from power — лишаться власти

to force smb from power — смещать кого-л.; отстранять кого-л. от власти

to furnish smb with powers — предоставлять кому-л. полномочия

to gain power — захватывать власть; приходить к власти

to give smb emergency powers — предоставлять кому-л. чрезвычайные полномочия

to go beyond one's constitutional powers — превышать свои конституционные права

to hand over power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.

to have power — иметь власть

to have no legal power to do smth — не иметь законного права делать что-л.

to hold military power — контролировать вооруженные силы

to hold the reins of power — удерживать бразды правления

to indulge in an orgy of state power — упиваться государственной властью

to invest smb with extensive powers — наделять кого-л. широкими полномочиями

to jockey for power — пробиваться к власти

to keep smb out of power — не допускать кого-л. к власти

to lead one's party to power — вести свою партию к власти

to lessen smb's power — уменьшать чью-л. власть

to lodge a great deal of power in smb's hands — сосредоточивать большую власть в чьих-л. руках

to lose one's power over smb — утрачивать власть над кем-л.

to maintain an overall grip on power — прочно удерживаться у власти

to misuse one's power of veto — злоупотреблять своим правом вето

to move out of power — лишаться власти

to oust smb from power — отстранять кого-л. от власти, смещать кого-л.

to overthrow the power — свергать власть

to phase out the use of nuclear power — постепенно отказываться от использования атомной энергии

to prejudice the power — ограничивать права

to preserve one's present power and privilege — сохранять свою власть и привилегии

to put too much power into smb's hands — наделять кого-л. слишком большой властью

to reach power — достигать власти

to reduce smb's powers — ограничивать чьи-л. полномочия

to reinforce presidential power — усиливать президентскую власть

to relinquish power — отказываться от власти

to remain in power — оставаться у власти

to renew powers — возобновлять полномочия

to restore smb to power — восстанавливать кого-л. у власти

to resume power — возвращаться к власти

to return smb to power — переизбирать кого-л.

to rival smb for supreme power — бороться с кем-л. за высшую власть

to seek the removal from power of smb — добиваться отстранения от власти кого-л.

to share power with smb — разделять власть с кем-л.

to stay in power — оставаться у власти

to strap smb's buying power — ограничивать чью-л. покупательную способность

to strengthen police powers — усиливать полномочия полиции

to strip smb of all powers — лишать кого-л. всех полномочий

to struggle for power — бороться за власть

to sweep smb from / out of power — смещать кого-л.; отстранять кого-л. от власти

to take power into one's hands — брать власть в свои руки

to take over power — приходить к власти; захватывать власть

to take some power away from smb — уменьшать чью-л. власть

to tighten one's grip on power — укреплять свою власть

to transfer power to smb — передавать власть кому-л.

to trim smb's powers — ограничивать чьи-л. полномочия

to undermine smb's power — подрывать чью-л. власть

to upset the balance of power — нарушать равновесие сил

to usurp power — узурпировать власть

to vie for power — бороться за власть

to weaken one's grip on power — отказываться от монополии на власть

to win power — захватывать / завоевывать власть; приходить к власти

- ABC Power
- absolute power
- abuse of power
- accession to power

- acquisition of market power
- administering power
- administrative power
- advent of power
- allied powers
- alternation of power
- alternative sources of power
- appointive power
- arrogance of power
- assumption of power
- atomic powers
- authoritarian power
- autocratic power
- Axis Powers
- balance of power

- belligerent powers
- bid for greater powers
- bodies of power
- broad powers
- buying power
- capitalist power
- centralized power
- centrally organized political power
- change of power
- colonial power
- competitive power
- conquest of political power
- constituent power
- constitutional powers
- contender for power
- corridors of power

- creative power
- dangerous power
- de facto power
- decentralization of power

- decision-making power
- decline in purchasing power
- delegation of powers

- demonstration of power
- departure from power
- depleted power
- derogation of the powers
- detaining power
- deterrent power
- developing nuclear power
- devolution of power to the regions
- dictatorial powers
- discretionary power
- display of power
- division of power
- dual power

- economic power
- electric power
- emergency powers
- emerging nuclear power
- Entente powers
- enumerated powers
- equilibrium of power
- executive power
- exercise of the power
- extension in power
- extension of powers
- extensive powers
- extra powers
- extra-constitutional powers
- fall from power
- federally generated power
- foreign power
- full powers
- general powers
- great power
- greater powers
- greater reliance on nuclear power
- grip on power
- handover of power
- hold on power
- imperial power
- imperialist power
- implied powers
- in power
- increased powers
- increased pressure on smb to relinquish power
- industrial power
- inherent powers
- inland power
- invincible power
- jockeying for power
- judicial power
- judiciary power
- labor power
- large powers
- leading power
- legal power
- legislative power
- limited powers
- limitless power
- long run of power
- lust for power
- major power
- majority power
- mandatory powers
- maritime power
- market power
- military power
- misuse of power
- monopoly of power
- monopoly power
- motive power
- naval power
- non-nuclear power
- nuclear power
- occupying power
- official powers
- organ of state power

- outside powers
- overthrow of smb's power
- Pacific power
- party in power

- peaceful power
- peaceful transfer of power
- peace-loving power
- personal power
- plenary power
- plenipotentiary power
- political power
- popular power
- power has passed out of the hands of a party
- power is ebbing
- power of attorney
- power of influence
- power of organization
- power of recognition
- power of the law
- power of the purse
- power to sign
- powers of arrest and interrogation
- powers of internment
- powers of stop and search
- powers of the presidency
- powers that be
- powers to do smth
- principle power
- purchasing power
- push for power
- real power
- real purchasing power
- redistribution of power
- reduction in purchasing power
- reduction of smb's power
- regional power
- reins of power
- removal from power
- reserved power
- resurgence of military power
- retaliatory power
- return to power
- revolutionary power
- rise of power
- road to power
- royal power
- seizure of power

- separation of powers

- sharing of power with smb
- signatory power
- source of power
- space power
- special powers
- specific powers
- state power
- strengthening of the economic and defense power of the state
- strengthening of the power
- strong executive powers
- struggle for power
- succession to power
- supreme power
- surrender of powers to smb
- sweeping powers
- switch of power from... to...
- the dollar's holding power
- the main power behind the throne
- third power
- time in power
- too much power is invested in the president
- trading power
- transfer of power to smb
- transforming power
- transition of power
- treaty-making power
- tutelary power
- under existing powers
- unlimited power
- untrammeled power
- unwarranted power
- usurpation of power
- vast powers
- verification of powers
- vested with broad powers
- veto powers
- victorious powers
- war powers
- Western Powers
- wide powers
- with deciding voting power
- world power

Politics english-russian dictionary > power
5 власть власт·ь

1) (право управления) power, authority: (господство) rule

бороться за власть — to struggle for power

быть / находиться / стоять у власти — to be in / to hold power; (о партии) to hold office

вернуть / вновь обрести власть — to regain power

вернуться к власти — to return to power

взять власть — to take / to assume power

взять власть в свои руки — to take power in one's hands

демонстрировать силу власти — to demonstrate / to display power

держать в своих руках власть — to wield power

добиваться власти — to seek power

добиваться власти с помощью интриг — to scheme for power

достичь власти — to achieve / to attain / to reach power

достигнуть вершины власти — to climb to the heights of power

жаждать власти — to lust / to thirst for power

завоевать власть — to win / to conquer power

захватить власть — to seize / to take power

злоупотреблять властью — to abuse / authority power, to strain one's authority / powers

иметь власть — to have authority

ликвидировать власть — to abolish the rule (of)

лишать власти — to deprive / to shear / to strip (smb.) of power

лишиться власти — to forfeit power

наделять властью — to endow with power

находиться во власти противной стороны — to be in power of the adverse party

обладать властью — to hold the lance

облекать кого-л. властью — to lodge power with smb. / in the hands of smb.; to vest power in smb.; to delegate power to smb.

ограничивать власть — to restrict power

олицетворять власть — to personify authority

оставаться у власти — to continue in power

осуществлять власть — to exercise power / authority

отдать / передать власть кому-л. — to repose power in smb.'s hands, to hand over power to smb.

отказаться от власти — to surrender power

отстранить от власти — to drive from power

поколебать власть — to shake power

поставить у власти — to install / to put (smb.) in power / in office

превысить власть — to exceed authority

предоставлять кому-л. власть — to confer power / authority upon smb.; to grant power / authority to smb.

прийти к власти — to come to / to win power; to get into the saddle разг.

попытаться прийти к власти — to make a bid for power

приобретать власть — to acquire power, to gain in authority

пробивать дорогу к власти — to climb to power

распространять власть — to extend power

сосредоточить власть — to concentrate power

сохранить власть — to keep / to maintain power

стремиться к власти — to strive for power

узурпировать власть — to usurp power / authority

укреплять власть — to consolidate power

урезывать власть — to curtail / to curb power

установить власть — to establish / to set up authority

централизовать власть — to centralize power

цепляться за власть — to cling to power

временная власть — interim authority

законная власть — lawful / legitimate authority

личная власть — personal power

незаконная власть — unwarranted power

неограниченная власть — absolute / unlimited / unrestricted power

пользоваться неограниченной властью — to enjoy unlimited / absolute power

политическая власть — political power

осуществлять политическую власть — to exert political power

рычаги политической власти — reins of political power

формы политической власти — form of political rule

централизованная власть — centralized authority

центральная власть — central authority

авторитарные методы власти — authoritarian methods of power

борьба за власть — struggle / race for power

власть большинства — rule of the majority

власть военных — military rule

власть гражданских лиц — civilian rule

власть де-факто — authority de facto

власть, установленная законом — statutory authority

внешние атрибуты власти (приёмы, протокол и т.п.) — trappings of power

захват власти — assumption / seizure of power

незаконный захват власти — illegal takeover

злоупотребление властью — abuse of power, misuse of authority / power

источник власти — source of power

кормило власти — helm

лицо, облечённое властью — man set in authority

осуществление власти — exercise of power

полнота власти — fullness of power

облечённый полнотой власти — clothed with full powers

пребывание у власти — tenure of office / being in power

период пребывания у власти (политической партии, лица) — innings

дни его пребывания у власти сочтены — his days in power are numbered

приход к власти — accession / coming to power

проявление власти со стороны какого-л. государства по отношению к иностранным судам — exercise of the authority of a state over foreign vessels

руководители, облечённые властью — leaders invested with power

удержание власти — holding of power

чрезмерная концентрация власти в одних руках — excessive concentration of power in one person

2) (система, форма правления) power, form of government; Branch, Branch of Government амер.

абсолютная власть — absolute power

верховная власть — supreme / sovereign power, supreme authority

принять на себя верховную власть в стране — to assume supreme authority over the country

признавать верховную власть — to recognize the supreme authority

государственная власть — state power / authority; powers of the state

высшие органы государственной власти — higher bo-dies of state authority, supreme organs of state power

дискреционная власть — discretionary powers

законодательная власть — legislative power / authority, edictal powers

осуществлять законодательную власть — to legislate

исполнительная власть — executive power / authority, the executive; executive body (орган); executive branch амер.

глава исполнительной власти (титул президента США) — Chief Executive

органы исполнительной власти — bodies of executive power

королевская власть — royal power

международная власть — international power

монопольная власть — monopoly power

злоупотребление монопольной властью — abuse of monopoly

народная власть — people's rule

самодержавная власть — autocratic power

светская власть — temporal power

советская власть, власть Советов ист. — Soviet power, Soviet form of government

судебная власть — judicial authority / power, judiciary department; judicial branch амер.

Судебная власть Российской Федерации — Legislative Authority of the Russian Federation

территориальная власть государства — territorial supremacy of a state

"власть за троном" — gray eminence

власть Конгресса — power of Congress амер.

власть, основанная на кодексе законов — nomocracy

власть, осуществляемая самим народом — government by the people

власть парламента — power of parliament

ограничивать власть парламента — to limit / to restrain the power of parliament

власть, принадлежащая народу — authority vested in the people

власть трудящихся — power / rule of the working people

власть, установленная законом — statutory authority

высшие эшелоны власти — higher / top echelons of power

органы власти — bodies / organs of power

вышестоящие органы власти — higher organs / bodies of power

местные органы власти — local government bodies / organs

подконтрольность власти — accountability of authorities

3) мн. (должностные лица, администрация) authority, autborities, administration

скатиться к властям — to apply to the authorities

подчиниться властям — to submit to the authorities

военные власти — military authorities

городские власти — city authorities

гражданские власти — civil authorities

колониальные власти ист. — colonial authorities / administration

местные власти, власти на местах — local authorities / adminisration

муниципальные власти — municipal authority

наднациональные власти, обеспечивающие соблюдение норм права — supranational law enforcing power

оккупационные власти — occupying authority, occupation authorities

судебные власти — judicial authority

таможенные власти — customs authorities

тюремные власти — prison administration

федеральные власти — federal authorities

церковные власти — ecclesiastical authorities

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > власть власт·ь
6 Article 78

1. The federal bodies of executive power in order to exercise their powers may create their own territorial organs and appoint corresponding officials.
2. The federal bodies of executive power by agreement with the bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation may transfer to them the fulfillment of a part of their powers, if it does not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal laws. 3. The bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation by agreement with the federal bodies of executive authority may transfer to them the fulfillment of a part of their powers. 4. The President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation shall ensure, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the implementation of the powers of the federal state authority in the whole territory of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 78[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 78[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 78[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 78
7 органы исполнительной власти

1) General subject: bodies of executive power

2) Labor law: Government executive bodies

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > органы исполнительной власти
8 Article 85

1. The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliatory procedures to solve disputes between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as between bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In case no agreed decision is reached, he shall have the right to submit the dispute for the consideration of a corresponding court.
2. The President of the Russian Federation shall have the right to suspend acts of the Bodies of executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation in case these acts contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal laws, international commitments of the Russian Federation or violate the rights and freedoms of man and citizen until the issue is solved by a corresponding court. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 85[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 85[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 85[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 85
9 Article 112

1. Not later than a week after appointment shall submit to the President of the Russian Federation proposals on the structure of the federal bodies of executive power.
2. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall propose to the President of the Russian Federation candidates for the posts of Deputy chairmen of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 112[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 112[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 112[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 112
10 орган

1) (учреждение, организация) body, organ, authority; agency амер.

авторитетный орган — authoritative body

административный / управленческий орган — administrative body

арбитражный орган — arbitral authority / body

выборные органы — elective bodies

высший орган — supreme / superior body

высший судебный орган страны — supreme judicial organ of the country

вышестоящий орган — higher / superior body, higher authority; (имеющий систему периферийных органов) parent body

главные органы ООН — the main / principle organs of the UN

государственный орган — government body

выборный государственный орган — elective state body

государственные органы внешних сношений — organs of the state for international relations

директивный орган — policy- / decision-making authority / body

законодательный орган — legislative body / organ, legislature

законодательный орган штата (США) — legislature

нарушение прав / привилегий законодательного органа — breach of privilege of a legislative body

исполнительный и распорядительный орган — executive-administrative body

карательные органы государства — punitive bodies of the state

компетентные органы — competent bodies / organs

консультативный орган — advisory body

контролирующий орган — supervisory body

контрольный орган — control body

контрольно-ревизионные органы (Россия) — Auditing bodies

координирующий орган — coordinating organ

международный орган — international body

межправительственные органы — inter-governmental bodies

межреспубликанские хозяйственные органы — interrepublic economic organs

местные органы власти — local authorities

муниципальные органы — municipal bodies

надлежащий орган — appropriate body

налоговые органы — tax authorities

общегосударственные орган — state bodies

планирующие органы — planning bodies, planners

подрывной орган — subversive body

постоянный орган — standing body

правительственные органы — government agencies

правоохранительные органы — law-enforcement bodies

представительный орган — representative body

рабочий орган — working body

региональные органы государственной власти (Россия) — regional bodies of the government

республиканские органы — republican organs / bodies

руководящий орган — governing / leading body

следственные органы — investigating authorities / bodies

совещательный орган — deliberative / consultative body

специальный временный орган — ad hoc body

финансовые органы — financial bodies

хозяйственные органы — economic agencies / enterprises

органы власти — bodies of authority / power

органы власти на местах — bodies / organs of authority power in the localities

органы государственной безопасности — state security bodies

орган государственной власти — organ of state power

органы государственного управления — bodies / organs of state administration

орган, достаточно авторитетный для того, чтобы действовать — body sufficiently authoritative to act

орган, подотчётный кому-л. — body accountable to smb.

органы политического руководства — bodies of political leadership

органы управления — managerial bodies

подотчётность органов управления — accountability of government agencies

орган, утверждённый законом — statutory body

органы юстиции — organs of justice

2) (печатное издание) publication, organ

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > орган
11 Article 77

1. The system of bodies of state authority of the Republics, territories, regions, cities of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas shall be established by the subjects of the Russian Federation independently and according to the principles of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the general principles of the organization of representative and executive bodies of state authority fixed by federal law.
2. Within the limits of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on the issue under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation the federal bodies of executive authority and the bodies of executive authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall make up a single system of executive power of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 77[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 77[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 77[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 77
12 Article 125

1. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation consists of 19 judges.
2. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation upon requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, one fifth of the members of the Council of the Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the subjects of the Russian Federation shall consider cases on the correspondence to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of:
a) the federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation;
b) the constitutions of republics, charters, and also the laws and other normative acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation adopted on the issues under the jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation or under the joint jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; d) international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation which have not come into force.
3. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation shall resolve disputes on jurisdiction matters:

a) between the federal bodies of state authority;
b) between the bodies of state authority of the Russian Federation and the bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation; c) between the higher bodies of state authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
4. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon complaints about violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens and upon court requests shall check, according to the rules fixed by the federal law, the constitutional of a law applied or subject to be applied in a concrete case.
5. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the requests of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, the bodies of the legislative power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 6. Acts or their certain provisions recognized as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the Russian Federation shall not be liable for enforcement and application. 7. The Constitution Court of the Russian Federation, upon the request of the Council of the Federation, shall provide a conclusion on the observance of the fixed procedure for advancing charges of treason or of another grave crime against the President of the Russian Federation. __________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 125[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 125[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 125[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 125
13 органы законодательной и исполнительной власти

General subject: bodies of legislative and executive power

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > органы законодательной и исполнительной власти
14 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
15 body

1) орган, организация

2) главная, основная часть (чего-л.)

3) группа людей

4) тело

5) труп

•

to be represented on a body — быть представленным в каком-л. органе

to ease smb out of a body — выводить кого-л. из состава какого-л. органа

to identify a body — опознавать труп

- administrative body
- advisory body
- appropriate body
- arbitral body
- autonomous body
- auxiliary body
- body of an instrument
- body of electors
- body of evidence
- body of laws
- body of power
- body of rules
- body of state authority
- body of the hall

- body of the treaty
- central state bodies
- competent bodies
- consultative body
- control body
- deliberative body
- diplomatic body
- economic body
- elected party body
- executive body
- financial body
- financially independent bodies
- governing body
- Governing Body
- government-funded body
- he is expected to be eased out of both bodies in due course
- impartial body
- intergovernmental body
- international body
- judicial body
- law-enforcement body
- law-making body
- leading body
- legislative body
- local body
- main body
- mutilated body
- national standards bodies
- negotiating body
- neutral body
- new-look body
- new-style body
- other body
- parliamentary body
- party body
- pay review body
- peace-keeping body
- planning body
- policy-making body
- policy-setting body
- public body
- representative body
- republican bodies
- scientific-economic body
- specialized body
- standing body
- statutory body
- sterile body
- student body
- subordinate body
- subsidiary body
- subversive body
- superior body
- supreme body of state power
- watchdog body

Politics english-russian dictionary > body
16 Article 71

The jurisdiction of the Russian Federation includes:

a) adoption and amending of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, control over their observance;
b) federal structure and the territory of the Russian Federation; c) regulation and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; citizenship in the Russian Federation, regulation and protection of the rights of national minorities; d) establishment of the system of federal bodies of legislative, executive and judicial authority, the rules of their organization and activities, formation of federal bodies of state authority; e) federal state property and its management; f) establishment of the principles of federal policy and federal programmes in the sphere of state, economic, ecological, social, cultural and national development of the Russian Federation; g) establishment of legal groups for a single market; financial, currency, credit, and customs regulation, money issue, the principles of pricing policy; federal economic services, including federal banks; h) federal budget, federal taxes and dues, federal funds of regional development; i) federal power systems, nuclear power-engineering, fission materials, federal transport, railways, information and communication, outer space activities; j) foreign policy and international relations of the Russian Federation, international treaties and agreements of the Russian Federation, issues of war and peace; k) foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation; l) defence and security; military production; determination of rules of selling and purchasing weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production of poisonous substances, narcotic substances and rules of their use; m) determination of the status and protection of the state border, territorial sea, air space, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of the expenditures; n) judicial system, procurator's office, criminal, criminal procedure and criminal-executive legislation, amnesty and pardoning, civil, civil procedure and arbitration procedure legislation, legal regulation of intellectual property; o) federal law of conflict of laws; p) meteorological service, standards, metric system, horometry accounting, geodesy and cartography, names of geographical units, official statistics and accounting; q) state awards and honourary titles of the Russian Federation; r) federal state service.
__________
<На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 71[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 71[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 71[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 71
17 body

n

1) орган; общество; ассоциация

2) совокупность, комплекс; коллектив

- Administrative Advisory Bodies
- advisory body
- authorized bodies
- collective body
- collegiate body
- competent body
- consultative body
- controlling body
- corporate body
- diplomatic body
- directing body
- economic bodies
- executive body
- federal health insurance body
- finance body
- fiscal control body
- governing body
- government body
- law enforcement bodies
- leading bodies
- legislative body
- local bodies
- managerial body
- para statal bodies
- private health insurance bodies
- public body
- regulatory body
- standing body
- state bodies
- state administration bodies
- superior body
- supervisory body
- taxation body
- body of power
- bodies of state administration

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > body
18 body

1) орган; общество; ассоциация

2) совокупность, комплекс; коллектив

•

- Administrative Advisory Bodies

- advisory body

- audit body

- authorized bodies

- collective body of legal rules

- collegiate body

- competent body

- consultative body

- controlling body

- executive body

- federal bodies

- fiscal control body

- governing body

- government body

- law enforcement bodies

- legislative body

- local bodies

- managerial body

- public body

- state bodies

- state administration bodies

- subordinate bodies

- superior body

- supervisory body

- taxation body

- body of power

- bodies of state administration

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > body
19 Article 10

The state power in the Russian Federation shall be exercised on the basis of its division into legislative, executive and judicial power. The bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power shall be independent.
__________ <На русском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (Russian)"]Статья 10[/ref]> <На немецком языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (German)"]Artikel 10[/ref]> <На французском языке см. [ref dict="The Constitution of Russia (French)"]Article 10[/ref]>

The Constitution of Russia. English-Russian dictionary > Article 10
20 ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ

@СНГ @Содружество Независимых Государств
политические термины
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) @Российская Федерация
политические термины
Russian Federation @ автономная республика
политические термины
autonomous Republic @область
политические термины
oblast' (region) @район
политические термины
region ( also city district) @округ
политические термины
national territory/territorial district @край
политические термины
territory, region, district @город федерального подчинения
политические термины
federal city @Президент
политические термины
President @Канцелярия Президента
политические термины
President's Office @Генеральный Секретарь
политические термины
- General Secretary (of Soviet Communist Party);
- Secretary-General (for leading official of the United Nations and of other international organizations)
@зампред
политические термины
deputy chairman, vice-chairman, vice-premier @министр
политические термины
minister, @замминистра
политические термины
deputy minister @Премьер-министр @председатель правительства
политические термины
Prime Minister, Premier @Съезд Народных Депутатов
политические термины
Congress of People's Deputies @Федеральное Собрание
политические термины
Federal Assembly @Совет Федерации
политические термины
Federation Council (upper house of Parliament) @Государственная Дума
политические термины
State Duma (lower house of Parliament) @созвать Думу
политические термины
to convene the Duma @распустить Думу
политические термины
to disband the Duma @депутатская неприкосновенность
политические термины
immunity of the deputies @фракция
политические термины
faction @КПРФ @Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации
политические термины
Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) @ЛДПР @Либерально-демократическая партия России
политические термины
RLDP (Russian Liberal-Democratic Party) @Наш дом — Россия
политические термины
"Our Home is Russia" @Аграрная депутатская группа
политические термины
Agrarian Deputy Group @Депутатская группа «Народовластие»
политические термины
The "People's Power" Deputy Group @Яблоко
политические термины
"Yabloko" @райсовет
политические термины
Regional Council @горсовет
политические термины
City Council @горисполком @городской исполнительный комитет
политические термины
City Executive Committee @народный суд
политические термины
People's court @народные заседатели
политические термины
People's assessors @Верховный суд
политические термины
Supreme Court @Конституционный суд
политические термины
Constitutional Court @Высший арбитражный суд
политические термины
Court of Final Arbitration @Прокуратура
политические термины
Public Prosecutor's Office @Генеральная прокуратура
политические термины
Prosecutor General's Office @прокурор
политические термины
prosecutor, Public Prosecutor @Министр юстиции США @Генеральный прокурор США
политические термины
Attorney General @Госплан @Госкомитет по планированию
политические термины
State Planning Committee @Министерство высшего и среднего образования
политические термины
Ministry of Higher and Secondary Education @Министерство тяжелой промышленности
политические термины
Ministry of Heavy Industry @Министерство обороны @МО
политические термины
Ministry of Defense @Министерство иностранных дел @МИД
политические термины
Ministry of Foreign Affairs @Министерство связи
политические термины
Ministry of Communications @Министерство внутренних дел
политические термины
Ministry of Internal Affairs @Министерство охраны окружающей среды и природных ресурсов
политические термины
Ministry for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources @Министр США
политические термины
Secretary (e.g. Secretary of State - ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ иностранных дел) @Министр обороны
политические термины
Secretary of Defense @Федеральная служба безопасности @ФСБ
политические термины
State Security Service @государственные деятели
политические термины
statesmen/government officials @мэр
политические термины
mayor @мэрия
политические термины
mayor's office @Госсекретарь США
политические термины
Secretary of State (US) @палата представителей США
политические термины
Congress (US) @сенат
политические термины
Senate @Спикер
политические термины
Speaker of the House @секретарь партийной фракции
политические термины
whip @законодательные органы
политические термины
legislative bodies @исполнительные власти
политические термины
the executive branch, executive authorities @судебные власти
политические термины
the judiciary, judicial branch, authorities @центральная избирательная комиссия
политические термины
Central electoral commission @всеобщее избирательное право
политические термины
universal suffrage @баллотироваться
политические термины
to run for office @переизбираться
политические термины
to run for office again @лидировать
политические термины
to be in the lead, to play a leading role @финишировать
политические термины
to finish, end up @избиратели
политические термины
voters @избирательный округ
политические термины
electoral district @повторное голосование
политические термины
runoff election @повторные выборы
политические термины
repeat elections @Досрочные выборы
политические термины
early elections @выдвижение кандидатов
политические термины
nomination of candidates @предвыборная кампания
политические термины
electoral campaign @урна
политические термины
ballot box @бюллетень
политические термины
ballot @сдержки и противовесы
политические термины
checks and balances @вести переговоры
политические термины
to conduct negotiations @присоединение к договору
политические термины
accession to a treaty @наложить санкции
политические термины
impose sanctions @снять санкции
политические термины
lift sanctions @приостановить санкции
политические термины
suspend sanctions @МОП @Меморандум о понимании
политические термины
MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) @большая семерка
политические термины
G-7 @ОБСЕ @Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе
политические термины
OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) @ЕС @Европейский Союз
политические термины
EU (European Union) @

Словарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕРМИНЫ

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